{"id":1899,"date":"2019-01-11T21:57:58","date_gmt":"2019-01-11T21:57:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aptnewsghana.com\/?p=1899"},"modified":"2019-01-11T21:58:06","modified_gmt":"2019-01-11T21:58:06","slug":"this-is-what-actually-happens-in-a-government-shutdown","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aptnewsghana.com\/index.php\/2019\/01\/11\/this-is-what-actually-happens-in-a-government-shutdown\/","title":{"rendered":"This Is What Actually Happens In a Government Shutdown"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Talk about a U.S. government shutdown<\/a>\n is intensifying. Without agreement on the 12 appropriations bills that \nguide annual spending, the U.S. has been operating since Oct. 1 on \ntemporary funding provided by a \u201ccontinuing resolution.\u201d Funding was due\n to run out after Dec. 8 but has twice been extended, most recently \nthrough Jan. 19. Republicans and Democrats in the U.S. Congress may need\n to keep passing short-term extensions until they reach accord on a \ntrillion-dollar spending plan for the rest of the fiscal year. If the \ndeal-making breaks down, the U.S. will encounter what\u2019s officially \ncalled a \u201cspending gap,\u201d which triggers a carefully prescribed, but \nstill disruptive, halt to Washington\u2019s work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. What happens if the government shuts down?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many, though not all, federal government functions \nare frozen, and many, though not all, federal employees are furloughed. \nAgencies in the executive branch, the one with the largest workforce and\n budget, regularly review shutdown plans that spell out what work must \ncontinue, and how many employees will be retained, during a \u201cshort\u201d \nlapse (one to five days) and one that lasts longer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Which government functions cease?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ones that draw headlines are closures of national\n parks, monuments and the Smithsonian museums in Washington. Other \nactivities that generally stop, at least if the shutdown lasts more than\n a couple days, are processing of applications for passports and visas; \nnew enrollments in experimental treatments under the National Institutes\n for Health; and the maintenance of U.S. government websites, including \nones used by businesses and researchers. Mortgage approvals can be \ndelayed by furloughs at the Internal Revenue Service and the Federal \nHousing Administration. The last shutdown, which lasted 16 days in 2013,\n delayed approval of about 200 drilling applications at the Bureau of \nLand Management, consideration of 700 applications for small business \nloans totaling $140 million, and the start of the Alaska crab season, \nwhich relies on harvest levels apportioned by the National Oceanic and \nAtmospheric Administration, according to a 2013 report by the White \nHouse Office of Management and Budget.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Which government functions continue?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Activities related to national security (like the \nmilitary services), safety and order (air traffic control, law \nenforcement) and medical care (veterans\u2019 hospitals) are among the \nessential activities that carry on. So does the U.S. mail, since the \nPostal Service has its own funding stream. U.S. Treasury debt auctions \ncontinue, Social Security and Medicare checks get mailed, food stamps \nare distributed. Federal courts are open but their work is subject to \ndisruption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. How many federal employees stay home?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the 2013 shutdown, the number of executive-branch \nemployees who were furloughed on a given day peaked at 850,000, or about\n 40 percent of the workforce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Do federal employees get paid?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eventually. When a shutdown happens, most federal \nemployees \u2014 there are about 2.8 million of them now \u2014 are placed on \nunpaid furlough. Though there \u201cappears to be no guarantee\u201d that they \nwill eventually be paid, in practice they always have been, \nretroactively, via legislation passed by Congress, according to the \nCongressional Research Service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. How often does this happen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There have been 12 shutdowns since 1981, ranging in \nduration from a single day to 21 days, according to the Congressional \nResearch Service. The 21-day one, in December 1995 and January 1996, was\n a famous budget showdown that pitted President Bill Clinton, a \nDemocrat, and the Republican House speaker, Newt Gingrich. Shutdowns \nover budget disagreements are different (and less grave) than what would\n happen if the U.S. breached its debt ceiling and defaulted on some of \nits obligations. That\u2019s never happened \u2014 though its specter, too, will \ngrow if Congress doesn\u2019t reach a budget deal in the next several weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. What happened prior to 1981?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Until then, \u201cfunding gaps\u201d didn\u2019t result in \nshutdowns; agencies operated mostly as normal, and their expenses were \ncovered retroactively once a deal was reached. Benjamin Civiletti, \nattorney general under President Jimmy Carter, put an end to that. With \nlegal opinions issued in 1980 and 1981, he established that government \nwork generally must cease until Congress agrees to pay for it. His \nrulings were codified in the Antideficiency Act, which, in theory at \nleast, authorizes fines or prison terms to federal employees who dare \nwork for free during a shutdown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. What\u2019s holding up a real budget deal?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leaders in Congress are juggling demands from factions in both parties to tie agreement on a spending plan to resolution of a variety of other measures. Those include raising budget caps for defense and domestic spending, funding the Mexico border wall promised by President Donald Trump, and extending the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, a program to protect from deportation some 800,000 young people brought to the U.S. illegally as children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

credit: time.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Talk about a U.S. government shutdown is intensifying. 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